مفهوم الإنسان عند ماركس book pdf download

Language : Arabic
Section : Philosophy and logic
Auther : Eric Fromm
Size of file : 6.22MB
book quality : Good
Number of Pages : 356
Department : Social sciences
Date of Coming : 2022-08-10

Author: Eric Fromm

About the Author: German-American psychologist and humanist philosopher, born in Frankfurt – Germany on March 23, 1900. He immigrated to the United States of America in 1934 From his works: Fear of Freedom (1941) Psychoanalysis and Religion (1950) The Forgotten Language: An Introduction to Understanding Dreams, Fairytales, and Myths (1951) The Rational Society (1955) Sigmund Freud’s Letter: An Analysis of His Character and Influence (1959) The Psychoanalytic Crisis: Essays on Freud, Marx, and Social Psychology (1970) Anatomy of Man’s Destructive Propensity (1973) He also edited books, by various writers on Zen Buddhism Marx’s concept of man and others Fromm died on March 23, 1980.

مفهوم الإنسان عند ماركس book pdf download By Eric Fromm

تحميل كتاب مفهوم الإنسان عند ماركس pdf الكاتب إريك فروم تحميل وقراءة كتاب مفهوم الإنسان عند ماركس

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كتاب فن الحب book pdf download

Size of file : 3.60MB
Department : Social sciences
Language : Arabic
Date of Coming : 2022-08-10
book quality : Good
Auther : Eric Fromm
Section : Philosophy and logic
Number of Pages : 122

Author: Eric Fromm

About the Author: German-American psychologist and humanist philosopher, born in Frankfurt – Germany on March 23, 1900. He immigrated to the United States of America in 1934 From his works: Fear of Freedom (1941) Psychoanalysis and Religion (1950) The Forgotten Language: An Introduction to Understanding Dreams, Fairytales, and Myths (1951) The Rational Society (1955) Sigmund Freud’s Letter: An Analysis of His Character and Influence (1959) The Psychoanalytic Crisis: Essays on Freud, Marx, and Social Psychology (1970) Anatomy of Man’s Destructive Propensity (1973) He also edited books, by various writers on Zen Buddhism Marx’s concept of man and others Fromm died on March 23, 1980.

كتاب فن الحب book pdf download By Eric Fromm

تحميل كتاب فن الحب pdf الكاتب إريك فروم يوضح هذا الكتاب أن مشاعر الحب ليست شعوراً خفياً ينتاب الإنسان بعيداً عن مستوى وعيه. بل العكس، إذ إن جميع التجارب الإنسانية في الحب تفشل إذا لم يطمح الإنسان إلى تطوير ذاته بشكل كلي. ولا يستطيع الإنسان أن يتمتع بالحب ما لم يحب قريبه بكل صفاء، وما لم يتحلى بالشجاعة والإيمان والنظام.

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ثورة الأمل نحو تكنولوجيا مؤنسنة book pdf download

Size of file : 4.88MB
Department : Social sciences
Language : Arabic
Section : Philosophy and logic
Auther : Eric Fromm
book quality : Good
Number of Pages : 50
Date of Coming : 2022-08-10

Author: Eric Fromm

About the Author: German-American psychologist and humanist philosopher, born in Frankfurt – Germany on March 23, 1900. He immigrated to the United States of America in 1934 From his works: Fear of Freedom (1941) Psychoanalysis and Religion (1950) The Forgotten Language: An Introduction to Understanding Dreams, Fairytales, and Myths (1951) The Rational Society (1955) Sigmund Freud’s Letter: An Analysis of His Character and Influence (1959) The Psychoanalytic Crisis: Essays on Freud, Marx, and Social Psychology (1970) Anatomy of Man’s Destructive Propensity (1973) He also edited books, by various writers on Zen Buddhism Marx’s concept of man and others Fromm died on March 23, 1980.

ثورة الأمل نحو تكنولوجيا مؤنسنة book pdf download By Eric Fromm

تحميل كتاب ثورة الأمل نحو تكنولوجيا مؤنسنة pdf الكاتب إريك فروم جرى تأليف الكتاب كاستجابة لوضع أمريكا عام 1968 ولقد تولد التأليف من قناعة بأننا عند مفترق الطرق: طريق يفضي إلى مجتمع مصطبغ تمامًا بالصبغة الميكانيكية حيث أن الإنسان هو ترس في الآلة- إن لم يكن يجري تدميره من جراء الحرب النووية الحرارية؛ والطريق الآخر إنما يفضي إلى بعث النزعة الإنسانية والأمل- أي البعث لمجتمع يضع التقنية في خدمة رفاهية الإنسان. وهذا الكتاب مقصود به أن يوضع المسائل لأولئك الذين لم يتبينوا بوضوح المأزق الملم بنا، وهو دعوة للقيام بعمل ما. وهو قائم على قناعة بأننا نستطيع أن نجد المواقف الجديدة الضرورية بمساعدة العقل والحب المتوهج من أجل الحياة، وليس من خلال اللامعقولية والكراهية إنه موجه إلى طيف عريض من القراء على مختلف مفاهيمهم السياسية والدينية ولكن من أجل المساهمة من أجل الحياة واحترام العقل والحقيقة.

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فلسفة الجد والهزل book pdf download

Language : Arabic
Department : Social sciences
book quality : Good
Number of Pages : 94
Section : Philosophy and logic
Date of Coming : 2022-08-10
Auther : Amr bin Bahr Al-Jahiz
Size of file : 15.8MB

Author: Amr bin Bahr Al-Jahiz

About the Author: Al-Jahiz Al-Kinani is Abu Othman Amr bin Bahr bin Mahboub bin Fazara Al-Laithi Al-Kinani Al-Basri: (159 AH-255 AH) an Arab writer who was one of the great imams of literature in the Abbasid era. He was born in Basra and died there. His origin is different, some of them said that he was an Arab from the Kinana tribe, and some said that his origin goes back to Zanj and that his grandfather was a maid of a man from Banu Kinana, and that was because of his dark skin. In Al-Jahiz’s letter, he was famous for saying that he is an Arab and not a Negro, as he said: “I am a man from the Banu Kinana, and the caliphate has a kinship, and I have a pre-emption in it, and they are after sex and a clan.” Al-Jahiz had a clear protrusion in his pupils, so he was called Al-Haqqi, but the nickname that stuck to him more and with him his fame flew In the horizons he is Al-Jahiz. Al-Jahiz lived about ninety years and left many books that are difficult to enumerate, although the statement and the explanation and the book “The Animals and the Misers” are the most famous of these books, books on theology, literature, politics, history, morals, plants, animals, industry, women and others.

فلسفة الجد والهزل book pdf download By Amr bin Bahr Al-Jahiz

تحميل كتاب فلسفة الجد والهزل pdf الكاتب عمرو بن بحر الجاحظ هذه الرسائل الأربعة يشملها اسم (رسائل في الأخلاق المحمودة والمذمومة) أرسلها أبو عثمان ابن أبي دؤاد وابن الزيات لتكون دستوراً أخلاقياً ومصباحاً اجتماعياً يستضيء به هذان الوزيران ومن نهج نهجهما في تدبير الممالك، إذ الأخلاق، كما يراها علماء الأخلاق سارية يرتفع عليها علم الأمة ما زالت قوية مدعمة بالمكارم وينخفض ويهيض جماحها ما جنحت وتنكبت النهج القويم والصراط المستقيم.

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تاريخ فلاسفة الإسلام: دراسة شاملة عن حياتهم وأعمالهم ونقد تحليلي عن آرائهم الفلسفية book pdf download

Auther : Mohammed Lotfi
Language : Arabic
Number of Pages : 320
Size of file : 6.01MB
Section : Philosophy and logic
book quality : Good
Date of Coming : 2022-08-10
Department : Social sciences

Author: Mohammed Lotfi

About the Author: Mohamed Lotfy Gomaa: a writer, translator, and novelist, he was a polymath, fluent in many languages, and one of the leading Egyptian lawyers and political activists of his time. He was born in Alexandria in 1886 AD, to a middle-class family, and his nurse was Mrs. “Maluk Eid”, the mother of Sheikh Sayyid Darwish, and he was his breast-feeding brother. At the beginning of his life, he joined the Coptic School in Tanta, then spent four years at the Amiri School, from which he obtained his primary certificate, then he moved to Cairo to obtain his secondary certificate from the Khedive School, and then traveled there to study, after which he obtained his degree in American philosophy, as well as to Beirut. Teachers school, and worked as a teacher for three years at the beginning of his life. He received his doctorate degree from the Faculty of Law in Lyon in France in 1912, after which he taught criminal law at the Egyptian University. A close friendship and agreement in political visions developed between him and the two national leaders, Mustafa Kamel and Muhammad Farid. Which prompted him without hesitation to join their side in the National Party, and their participation in the political struggle against colonialism, and his struggle was not limited to the kinetic level represented in political work and party activity, but it also extended to most of the Arab journalistic and intellectual ideas that he wrote in the intellectual and intellectual work that he wrote as well. Released in his time. He was an advocate of civilized dialogue and cooperation between nations in the field of work, culture and science. He was one of the advocates of free education, and demanded the establishment of social museums and memorials. He also developed the first dictionary of literary languages ​​in the secret labor community and pointed out the defects in the legal structure of the legal community. He chronicled Islamic philosophy, Sufism and its men. He has written many books in many fields of knowledge; Such as literature, philosophy and history, in addition to translating many famous books in Western civilization, such as the book “The Prince” by Machiavelli, “The Duty” by John Simon, “Plato’s Table” and other books. He suffered a stroke, which led to a long illness, and then passed away due to its complications.

تاريخ فلاسفة الإسلام: دراسة شاملة عن حياتهم وأعمالهم ونقد تحليلي عن آرائهم الفلسفية book pdf download By Mohammed Lotfi

يعدُّ هذا الكتاب معجمًا فلسفيًّا تاريخيًّا يؤصل فيه الكاتب لتاريخ فلاسفة الإسلام من خلال دراسة جامعة يتناول فيها حياتهم، وآثارهم الفلسفية، والعلاقات التي تربطهم بوزراء وأمراء عصرهم، وما أُثِرَ عنهم من شمائل أخلاقية، ونظرياتٍ فلسفية، وما حذقوه من علومٍ بلغوا بها ذروة المجد الفلسفي، وصنعوا من نبوغهم فيها دعائم التقدم الذي كان لَبِنَةً رئيسَةً في التفوق العلمي الذي ارتقت إليه أوروبا، وقد أفرد الكاتب في هذا الكتاب فصلًا مُسْهبًا للحديث عن التصوف؛ لأنه يعد ضربًا من ضروب الفلسفة، وقد وفق الكاتب حينما وضع هؤلاء الفلاسفة الأفذاذ موضع المقارنة مع فلاسفة الغرب، بأسلوب يحتكم فيه إلى المفاضلة العلمية، وينأى به عن التحيزات العنصرية للجنس العربي؛ فهو يتخذ من ميزان العلم أداةً شاهدة على جدارة هؤلاء العلماء في اعتلاء مكانة مرموقة فوق الأرض.

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الوجودية مذهب إنساني book pdf download

Language : Arabic
Number of Pages : 104
Section : Philosophy and logic
Size of file : 2.35MB
book quality : Good
Department : Social sciences
Date of Coming : 2022-08-10
Auther : Jean Paul Sartre

Author: Jean Paul Sartre

About the Author: Jean-Paul Charles Emard Sartre (21 June 1905 Paris – 15 April 1980 Paris) was a French philosopher, novelist, playwright, screenwriter, literary critic and political activist. He started his working life as a teacher. He studied philosophy in Germany during World War II. When Nazi Germany occupied France, Sartre joined the underground French resistance. Sartre was known and famous for being a prolific writer and for his literary works and his philosophy called Existentialism, and secondly his political affiliation with the extreme left. Sartre was a constant companion of the philosopher and writer Simone de Beauvoir, whom her political enemies called the “Great Sartre.” Although their philosophy is close, he does not like to confuse them. The two writers have influenced each other. Sartre’s literary works are rich in themes and philosophical texts of unequal sizes such as Being and Nothingness (1943), the Existential Brief Humanism (1945) or the Critique of Dialectical Reason (1960) and also literary texts in the collection of short stories such as The Wall or his novels such as Nausea (1938) and the trilogy Freedom Roads (1945). Sartre also wrote in theater such as The Flies (1943), The Closed Room (1944), The Virtuous Whore (1946), The Devil and the Good God (1951) and The Prisoners of Altona (1959) and these works were a large part of his literary output. Late in his life, in 1964, Sartre published a book dealing with the first eleven years of his life entitled The Words, in addition to a large study on Gustave Flaubert in a book entitled The Fool of the Family (1971-1972). He has also published biographies of many writers such as Tintoretto, Mallarmé, Charles Baudelaire, and Jean Genet. Sartre has always refused to be honored because of his devotion to himself and his ideas, and it is worth noting that he refused to receive the Nobel Prize in Literature, but only accepted the title of Doctor honoris causa from the University of Jerusalem in 1976.

الوجودية مذهب إنساني book pdf download By Jean Paul Sartre

تحميل كتاب الوجودية مذهب إنساني pdf الكاتب جان بول سارتر تربط الوجودية لدى سارتر بصورة خاصة بين الحرية والاختيار والمسؤولية ربطا يجعل من تلك المعاني الثلاثة كنه الوجود الانساني أينما كان وأصلا من أصوله. لقد تعرّضت فكرة الوجودة للكثير من إساءة الفهم، وفي هذا الكتاب يوضح سارتر أفكار الوجودية التي تعلي من شأن الإرادة الإنسانية وتركّز على أن الحرية شيء أصيل في النفس الانسانية. وأن الإرادة الحرّة تجعل الإنسان مسؤولاً عن أفعاله، وتضعه أمام واجب تحمّل المسؤولية. هذه الحريّة تتعرّض اليوم للتآمر عليها من جانب مؤسسات اجتماعية ودينية وسياسية، تغزي الإنسان بتسليم أمره والقبول بمآلات ليس هو صانعها، وتعرض عليه ضروباً من الاطمئنان الزّائف والسعادة الموعودة.

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المادية والثورة book pdf download

Language : Arabic
Department : Social sciences
book quality : Good
Section : Philosophy and logic
Auther : Jean Paul Sartre
Size of file : 6.01MB
Date of Coming : 2022-08-10
Number of Pages : 244

Author: Jean Paul Sartre

About the Author: Jean-Paul Charles Emard Sartre (21 June 1905 Paris – 15 April 1980 Paris) was a French philosopher, novelist, playwright, screenwriter, literary critic and political activist. He started his working life as a teacher. He studied philosophy in Germany during World War II. When Nazi Germany occupied France, Sartre joined the underground French resistance. Sartre was known and famous for being a prolific writer and for his literary works and his philosophy called Existentialism, and secondly his political affiliation with the extreme left. Sartre was a constant companion of the philosopher and writer Simone de Beauvoir, whom her political enemies called the “Great Sartre.” Although their philosophy is close, he does not like to confuse them. The two writers have influenced each other. Sartre’s literary works are rich in themes and philosophical texts of unequal sizes such as Being and Nothingness (1943), the Existential Brief Humanism (1945) or the Critique of Dialectical Reason (1960) and also literary texts in the collection of short stories such as The Wall or his novels such as Nausea (1938) and the trilogy Freedom Roads (1945). Sartre also wrote in theater such as The Flies (1943), The Closed Room (1944), The Virtuous Whore (1946), The Devil and the Good God (1951) and The Prisoners of Altona (1959) and these works were a large part of his literary output. Late in his life, in 1964, Sartre published a book dealing with the first eleven years of his life entitled The Words, in addition to a large study on Gustave Flaubert in a book entitled The Fool of the Family (1971-1972). He has also published biographies of many writers such as Tintoretto, Mallarmé, Charles Baudelaire, and Jean Genet. Sartre has always refused to be honored because of his devotion to himself and his ideas, and it is worth noting that he refused to receive the Nobel Prize in Literature, but only accepted the title of Doctor honoris causa from the University of Jerusalem in 1976.

المادية والثورة book pdf download By Jean Paul Sartre

تحميل كتاب المادية والثورة pdf الكاتب جان بول سارتر يشكل هذا الكتاب الحلقة الخامسة من سلسلة (مواقف) للكاتب العبقري جان بول سارتر. وهو يضم مجموعة من الدراسات البارعة التي تتناول عددا من القضايا الفكرية والسياسية والأدبية بروح من الموضوعية والعمق أصبحت الميزة الرئيسية لفيلسوف الوجودية الكبير. وقد أثارت دراسة (المادية والثورة) لدى صدورها اهتماما كبيرا في أوساط المثقفين ، ولا سيما اليساريين ، لما تنطوي عليه من معالجة عميقة للعلاقة بين الثورة والمذهب المادي . ويضم الكتاب كذلك دراسة ضافية عن الفيلسوف الفرنسي المعاصر (ميرلو – بونتي) الذي كانت علاقة سارتر به علاقة عجيبة ومثيرة للفضول ، بما كان يعتورها من خصومة ، وخلاف في الرأي ، إلى جانب الصداقة الحميمة التي كانت تربط بين الفيلسوفين.

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نظرية في الإنفعالات book pdf download

Number of Pages : 96
Size of file : 2.32MB
Language : Arabic
Auther : Jean Paul Sartre
Date of Coming : 2022-08-10
Section : Philosophy and logic
book quality : Good
Department : Social sciences

Author: Jean Paul Sartre

About the Author: Jean-Paul Charles Emard Sartre (21 June 1905 Paris – 15 April 1980 Paris) was a French philosopher, novelist, playwright, screenwriter, literary critic and political activist. He started his working life as a teacher. He studied philosophy in Germany during World War II. When Nazi Germany occupied France, Sartre joined the underground French resistance. Sartre was known and famous for being a prolific writer and for his literary works and his philosophy called Existentialism, and secondly his political affiliation with the extreme left. Sartre was a constant companion of the philosopher and writer Simone de Beauvoir, whom her political enemies called the “Great Sartre.” Although their philosophy is close, he does not like to confuse them. The two writers have influenced each other. Sartre’s literary works are rich in themes and philosophical texts of unequal sizes such as Being and Nothingness (1943), the Existential Brief Humanism (1945) or the Critique of Dialectical Reason (1960) and also literary texts in the collection of short stories such as The Wall or his novels such as Nausea (1938) and the trilogy Freedom Roads (1945). Sartre also wrote in theater such as The Flies (1943), The Closed Room (1944), The Virtuous Whore (1946), The Devil and the Good God (1951) and The Prisoners of Altona (1959) and these works were a large part of his literary output. Late in his life, in 1964, Sartre published a book dealing with the first eleven years of his life entitled The Words, in addition to a large study on Gustave Flaubert in a book entitled The Fool of the Family (1971-1972). He has also published biographies of many writers such as Tintoretto, Mallarmé, Charles Baudelaire, and Jean Genet. Sartre has always refused to be honored because of his devotion to himself and his ideas, and it is worth noting that he refused to receive the Nobel Prize in Literature, but only accepted the title of Doctor honoris causa from the University of Jerusalem in 1976.

نظرية في الإنفعالات book pdf download By Jean Paul Sartre

تحميل كتاب نظرية في الإنفعالات pdf الكاتب جان بول سارتر ليست الفنومنولوجية إتجاهاً فلسفياً مجرداً، بل هي فكرة حية حددت للنزعة الإنسانية المعاصرة أهدافها وعينت لها وسائل تحقيق هذه الأهداف ثم إنها- من الناحية العلمية- منهج مستقل عن الأصل الفلسفي الذي صدر عنه، له قيمته الموضوعية في إثارة مشكلات العلوم الإنسانية وتوجيه حلولها. لذلك يمكن القول بأن الفلسفة الفنومنولوجية قامت في هذا المقام بدور مماثل للدور الذي لعبته في تاريخ الفكر الإنساني كل فلسفة خصبة لم تستنفد جهدها في معارضة العلم بإسم العقيدة، أياً كانت هذه العقيدة، ولم تستغرق طاقتها في تأليه العلم والخضوع له خضوع العبد للسيد، بل نفذت- في عمق وبصيرة- إلى مصدر العلم ومصدر الوجود الإنساني جميعاً، فكانت حافزاً للمشتغلين بالعلم على” إكتشاف اللامتناهي بتعمق المتناهي”، كما يقول”جوته”.

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سارتر عاصفة على العصر book pdf download

Date of Coming : 2022-08-10
Size of file : 4.27MB
Language : Arabic
Number of Pages : 50
Department : Social sciences
Section : Philosophy and logic
Auther : Jean Paul Sartre
book quality : Good

Author: Jean Paul Sartre

About the Author: Jean-Paul Charles Emard Sartre (21 June 1905 Paris – 15 April 1980 Paris) was a French philosopher, novelist, playwright, screenwriter, literary critic and political activist. He started his working life as a teacher. He studied philosophy in Germany during World War II. When Nazi Germany occupied France, Sartre joined the underground French resistance. Sartre was known and famous for being a prolific writer and for his literary works and his philosophy called Existentialism, and secondly his political affiliation with the extreme left. Sartre was a constant companion of the philosopher and writer Simone de Beauvoir, whom her political enemies called the “Great Sartre.” Although their philosophy is close, he does not like to confuse them. The two writers have influenced each other. Sartre’s literary works are rich in themes and philosophical texts of unequal sizes such as Being and Nothingness (1943), the Existential Brief Humanism (1945) or the Critique of Dialectical Reason (1960) and also literary texts in the collection of short stories such as The Wall or his novels such as Nausea (1938) and the trilogy Freedom Roads (1945). Sartre also wrote in theater such as The Flies (1943), The Closed Room (1944), The Virtuous Whore (1946), The Devil and the Good God (1951) and The Prisoners of Altona (1959) and these works were a large part of his literary output. Late in his life, in 1964, Sartre published a book dealing with the first eleven years of his life entitled The Words, in addition to a large study on Gustave Flaubert in a book entitled The Fool of the Family (1971-1972). He has also published biographies of many writers such as Tintoretto, Mallarmé, Charles Baudelaire, and Jean Genet. Sartre has always refused to be honored because of his devotion to himself and his ideas, and it is worth noting that he refused to receive the Nobel Prize in Literature, but only accepted the title of Doctor honoris causa from the University of Jerusalem in 1976.

سارتر عاصفة على العصر book pdf download By Jean Paul Sartre

تحميل كتاب سارتر عاصفة على العصر pdf الكاتب جان بول سارتر هذا الكتاب يقوم بدراسة سارتر دراسة موضوعية ، حيث يقدم لنا عدد كبير من الكتب والمقالات التي تناولت سارتر مفكراً وأديباً وسياسياً وناقداً وفيلسوفاً ، وإن كان بعض الدارسين ينتقدونه انتقادات لاذعة ، وبذلك يتيح لنا نحن القراء تكوين فكرة متكاملة عن هذا المفكر العالمي الذى قرأ أهم آثاره مترجمة إلى العربية ، والذى لا يزال يشكل في مؤلفاته ” عاصفة على العصر ” . كتاب يؤكد لك ما تعرفه عن سارتر ، ويوضح لك ما غمض عليك من فلسفته وفكره .

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الكينونة والعدم – بحث في الأنطولوجيا الفنومينولوجية book pdf download

book quality : Good
Date of Coming : 2022-08-10
Number of Pages : 3
Section : Philosophy and logic
Size of file : 14.9MB
Auther : Jean Paul Sartre
Department : Social sciences
Language : Arabic

Author: Jean Paul Sartre

About the Author: Jean-Paul Charles Emard Sartre (21 June 1905 Paris – 15 April 1980 Paris) was a French philosopher, novelist, playwright, screenwriter, literary critic and political activist. He started his working life as a teacher. He studied philosophy in Germany during World War II. When Nazi Germany occupied France, Sartre joined the underground French resistance. Sartre was known and famous for being a prolific writer and for his literary works and his philosophy called Existentialism, and secondly his political affiliation with the extreme left. Sartre was a constant companion of the philosopher and writer Simone de Beauvoir, whom her political enemies called the “Great Sartre.” Although their philosophy is close, he does not like to confuse them. The two writers have influenced each other. Sartre’s literary works are rich in themes and philosophical texts of unequal sizes such as Being and Nothingness (1943), the Existential Brief Humanism (1945) or the Critique of Dialectical Reason (1960) and also literary texts in the collection of short stories such as The Wall or his novels such as Nausea (1938) and the trilogy Freedom Roads (1945). Sartre also wrote in theater such as The Flies (1943), The Closed Room (1944), The Virtuous Whore (1946), The Devil and the Good God (1951) and The Prisoners of Altona (1959) and these works were a large part of his literary output. Late in his life, in 1964, Sartre published a book dealing with the first eleven years of his life entitled The Words, in addition to a large study on Gustave Flaubert in a book entitled The Fool of the Family (1971-1972). He has also published biographies of many writers such as Tintoretto, Mallarmé, Charles Baudelaire, and Jean Genet. Sartre has always refused to be honored because of his devotion to himself and his ideas, and it is worth noting that he refused to receive the Nobel Prize in Literature, but only accepted the title of Doctor honoris causa from the University of Jerusalem in 1976.

الكينونة والعدم – بحث في الأنطولوجيا الفنومينولوجية book pdf download By Jean Paul Sartre

تحميل كتاب الكينونة والعدم – بحث في الأنطولوجيا الفنومينولوجية pdf الكاتب جان بول سارتر “…لا يمكن للكينونة أن تولّد سوى الكينونة، وإذا كان الإنسان مشمولاً بمسارِ التوالد هذا، فلن يخرج منه سوى ما هو كائن. وإذا كان عليه أن يستفسر عن هذا المسار، أي أن يضعه في موضع التساؤل، فينبغي أن يكون قادراً على إبقائه بكامله أمام ناظرَيْه أي أن يضع نفسه خارج الكينونة، وأن يُضعف في الوقت ذاته بنيتها ككينونة لذلك الكائن. إلا أنه ليس متاحاً “للواقع الإنساني” أن يعدّم، ولو مؤقتاً، كتلة الكينونة القائمة أمامه. وما يستطيع أن يغيره إنما هو علاقته بالكينونة. إنْ وَضَعَ “الواقع الإنساني” موجوداً معيّناً خارج الدائرة المقفلة، فهذا يعني أنه وضع نفسه هو خارج الدائرة بالنسبة إلى هذا الموجود. إنه في هذه الحال يفلت من الموجود، فهو خارج الاستهداف، ولن يكون بإمكان هذا الموجود أن يؤثر في هذا “الواقع الإنساني” الذي كان قد انسحب إلى ما بعد العدم. إن إمكانية “الواقع الإنساني” هذه في خلق العدم الذي يعزله، أعطاها ديكارت بعد الرواقيين، اسماً: هو الحرية…”.

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