حرية الفكر وأبطالها في التاريخ book pdf download

Author: Salama Moussa

About the Author: Salama Mousa (1887 – 4 August 1958), ed. He is the pioneer of Egyptian socialism and one of the first promoters of its ideas. He was born in the village of Behnbay, seven kilometers from Zagazig, to Coptic parents. He was known for his extensive interest in culture, and his firm conviction in thought as a guarantor of progress and prosperity. Salama Moussa belonged to a group of Egyptian intellectuals, including Ahmed Lotfi El-Sayed, who called for the simplification of the Arabic language and its grammar and the recognition of the Egyptian colloquial. Their argument was that the Arabic language had not changed for generations, and that most Egyptians were illiterate, prompting Moses and others to demand writing in the vernacular. He was a student of Naguib Mahfouz, who influenced him by saying to him, “You have a great talent, but your articles are bad,” which prompted Naguib Mahfouz to carefully select his subjects. His upbringing Salama Moussa was born in 1887 in the village of Hanbay, which is seven kilometers from the city of Zagazig in Egypt, to a Christian father working as a government employee, and soon died two years after the birth of his son. The son enrolled in a Coptic school, then joined the elementary school in Zagazig until he obtained his primary certificate. He then moved to Cairo, where he joined the Tawfiqia School and then the Khedivial School until he obtained his baccalaureate (high school) in 1903. Meeting the West in 1906, and due to family problems, he decided to travel to Europe when he was nineteen years old. This decision had an important impact on the formation of his consciousness and his thought (1). He traveled to France, where he spent 3 years of his life, through which he became acquainted with Western thought and philosophy and read many books. He got to know Voltaire and was influenced by his ideas, as he read Karl Marx and the writings of other socialists, as he was briefed there on the findings of Egyptology. After spending three years in Paris, he moved to England to study law, where he lived for another four years, but he neglected his studies and went to reading, and joined the Intellectual Society, and the Fabian Society, where he met the Irish thinker and playwright George Bernard Shaw and was influenced by Charles Darwin, especially his theory about evolution and evolution. Source: Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia, under a Creative Commons license

حرية الفكر وأبطالها في التاريخ book pdf download By Salama Moussa

يُصدِّر «سلامة موسى» كتابه بتصدير رمزيٍّ، يورد من خلاله قصة «التسامح» للكاتب الأميركي الهولندي «هندريك ويليم فان لون» الذي يقص علينا قصة الإنسان مع الجهل والقيد، العلم والحرية. وانطلق «موسى» من حيث انتهى «هندريك»؛ ليقول: إن حرية الفكر هي حرية البَوْح بالأفكار ووضعها موضع التطبيق. وعبر صفحات الكتاب يتتبع المؤلف المراحل المختلفة التي مرَّت بها حرية الفكر، راصدًا ظهور «التابو» كأول القيود التي حدَّت من حرية الإنسان وجعلته يُقدم على أشياء ويُحجم عن أخرى؛ لأسباب نفسية أو علمية أو دينية أو سلطوية، ومع استعراضه لحال الفكر وأعلامه في العصور القديمة، المسيحية، الإسلام، ثم العصر الحديث؛ يوضِّح أن الدين في ذاته لا يمكن أن يَضطهد، وإنما ينشأ الاضطهاد من السلطة المستعينة بالدين، وربما من الجمهور الذي يفضِّل المألوف على الخلْق والتجريب.

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