O Mundo como Vontade e como Representação book pdf download

Author: Arthur Schopenhauer

About the Author: Arthur Schopenhauer is a German philosopher, usually famous for his pessimism about life as “a pendulum that swings between pain and boredom.” Schopenhauer actually lived alone and immersed for the greater part of his life, but his loneliness or personal suffering was not, as some think, a primary reason for formulating his pessimistic views of life. On the contrary, Schopenhauer’s life – at least in its beginning – was not as bad as we might imagine, and it can be said that many opportunities were available to him to live a quiet academic and bourgeois life that satisfies the masses of people. of modern and ancient languages, as he went to dance and theater parties in his youth, His mother Joanna also set up a salon attended by many intellectuals, including the great German poet Goethe, but Arthur was constantly at odds with his mother, especially after his father’s death. Schopenhauer later obtained his doctorate from the University of Berlin, and he was destined to have a quiet teaching career had he not chosen – stubbornly, courageous and perhaps naive – to give his lectures at the same time during which the most prominent German philosopher at the time, Georg Hegel, was giving his lectures, no one listened to Schopenhauer Who decided to retire from teaching and devote himself to writing. Schopenhauer offered his extremely insightful views on many issues, from epistemology and philosophy of science to philosophy of ethics and art, and he was careful in his thinking, following the example of the German philosopher Kant the “Great” as he liked to describe him, particularly in his strict self-criticism of his ideas. He also remained loyal to philosophy, resenting those who make it an “instrument of state purposes from above, and personal purposes from below”. And he was firm in his conviction that he had accomplished his philosophical work not for his contemporaries or for the people of his country, but for humanity, because of his belief that everything of value needed a long time to gain its legitimacy. of moral authority) even daring to describe the latter as a “charlatan” and “mentally degenerate.”

O Mundo como Vontade e como Representação book pdf download By Arthur Schopenhauer

Schopenhauer edificou uma visão de mundo que moldou o pensamento moderno, sendo fundamental para a constituição dos sistemas filosóficos e científicos de autores como Nietzsche, Freud, Wittgenstein e Popper, sem falar de seu impacto na obra de escritores como Tolstoi, Jorge Luis Borges, Thomas Mann, Machado de Assis e Augusto dos Anjos. Também foi o primeiro filósofo ocidental a realizar a intersecção de toda a filosofia de inspiração platônica-kantiana com a filosofia oriental. Dividido em quatro partes, O mundo como vontade e como representação parte da divisão kantiana do universo em fenômeno e noumenon (a coisa-em-si) para promover o cruzamento da realidade empírica com a consciência humana. Em um todo coerente que maneja habilmente Metafísica, a Ética e a Estética, o pensamento schopenhaueriano nos fornece a ideia do mundo como a representação que faço dele e no qual a Vontade − e não a razão − é a força maior que comanda as ações humanas. No Livro I, Schopenhauer investiga os fenômenos da realidade no tempo e no espaço e na causalidade. Ou seja, aborda como as intuições empíricas atuam na formação do nosso conhecimento do mundo e enfrenta a terrível questão da condição humana que é a sua mortalidade. O Livro II trata da “objetividade da Vontade”, investigando o noumenon, que Kant acreditava estar fora do alcance de nossa cognição. A Metafísica do Belo, no Livro III, eleva a contemplação estética a um estado de forma de conhecimento do mundo, sendo a transcendência pela arte a forma mais efetiva para a suspensão da dor que é inerente à conduta humana. Já o Livro IV retoma o conceito de Vontade para sistematizar uma “metafísica da ética”. Na “Crítica da filosofia kantiana”, Schopenhauer assinala os pontos de discordância com o sistema filosófico que permitiu o melhor de seu “próprio desenvolvimento”.

Download PDF of O Mundo como Vontade e como Representação book pdf download By Arthur Schopenhauer
-Adrian Agency Library