مصر والسودان book pdf download

Language : Arabic
Date of Coming : 2022-08-10
book quality : Good
Department : History
Section : Modern and contemporary history of Egypt
Size of file : 1.00MB
Number of Pages : 22
Auther : Omar Toussoun

Author: Omar Toussoun

About the Author: Omar Toson: He is one of the most important pioneers of reform and renaissance in Egypt at the beginning of the twentieth century. He made many contributions in the scientific and practical fields. Where he was able to chronicle many historical events, and to present many Egyptian historical and archaeological studies, which were considered pioneering works in this regard. Who helped in the advancement of the country, whether on the economic, social or political level. Prince Omar Toson was born in Alexandria in 1872 AD, his father is Prince Tousun bin Muhammad Saeed bin Muhammad Ali, and his mother is Princess Fatima, one of the daughters of Khedive Ismail, his father died when he was four years old, so his grandmother sponsored him for his father, where he completed his first lessons and moved to Switzerland, then To complete his education, he also traveled to many European countries such as France and England. Prince Omar Toson is considered one of the most generous contributors to charitable works in modern Egypt. His charitable connections included dozens of associations; Including the Islamic Charitable Society and the Coptic Charitable Society, where he donated six thousand pounds to them, as well as his quest to collect donations for them. His activities in the public sphere included the political, economic and archaeological aspects; Where he provided support for the Ottoman Libyan resistance in the face of the Italian invasion, and supported the armies of the Ottoman state that were being invaded in the Balkans, as well as exposing the Dutch colonial policy in Indonesia. As for the economic aspect, he assumed the presidency of the Royal Agricultural Society, which was concerned with agricultural affairs in Egypt, so he promoted it and helped develop agricultural production. In the archaeological field, Toson took the lead. Where he was able to discover 52 archaeological monasteries, find the head of the statue of Alexander the Great in the Gulf of Aqaba, and retrieve it from the water with the help of fishermen and divers. He also discovered the remains of a city submerged in water at a depth of five meters along with the pioneering studies in Abu Qir 193 in the year 3 AD. and effects. Prince Omar Toson died in 1944 AD at the age of seventy-two.

مصر والسودان book pdf download By Omar Toussoun

أدرك الحاكم الداهية «محمد علي باشا» أنَّ أيَّ تهديد لمنابع النيل في أفريقيا هو تهديد لوجود مصر ذاتها، خاصةً بعد أن استشعر أنَّ هناك قوًى دوليةً طامعةً في تلك الأراضي؛ فجرَّد حملة عسكرية لفَتحها وضمِّها إلى مصر، كما عمل على إدخال المدنية والقانون لتلك المناطق، واستمرَّ في التوسع حتى وصلَت الأملاك المصرية إلى خطِّ الاستواء، ولكن مع احتلال إنجلترا لمصر في سنة ١٨٨٢م وانطلاق «الثورة المهدوية» بدأت مصر في فَقْدِ سيطرتها على السودان، وبسبب الأسلوب الخاطئ الذي اتبعَتْه إنجلترا في إدارة الأزمة كادتْ مصر تَفقد السودان كلَّها، وبعد عدة معارك تمَّت السيطرة على الأوضاع ليَظهر صراع جديد بين مصر صاحبة الحق وإنجلترا التي ادَّعت أنها أحقُّ بحكم السودان. وهذا الكتاب يرصد هذا الصراع ويُفنِّد المزاعم الإنجليزية، كما يُخاطب الرأي العام البريطاني.

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تاريخ خليج الإسكندرية القديم وترعة المحمودية book pdf download

Auther : Omar Toussoun
Date of Coming : 2022-08-10
Language : Arabic
Department : History
book quality : Good
Size of file : 19.9MB
Section : Modern and contemporary history of Egypt
Number of Pages : 100

Author: Omar Toussoun

About the Author: Omar Toson: He is one of the most important pioneers of reform and renaissance in Egypt at the beginning of the twentieth century. He made many contributions in the scientific and practical fields. Where he was able to chronicle many historical events, and to present many Egyptian historical and archaeological studies, which were considered pioneering works in this regard. Who helped in the advancement of the country, whether on the economic, social or political level. Prince Omar Toson was born in Alexandria in 1872 AD, his father is Prince Tousun bin Muhammad Saeed bin Muhammad Ali, and his mother is Princess Fatima, one of the daughters of Khedive Ismail, his father died when he was four years old, so his grandmother sponsored him for his father, where he completed his first lessons and moved to Switzerland, then To complete his education, he also traveled to many European countries such as France and England. Prince Omar Toson is considered one of the most generous contributors to charitable works in modern Egypt. His charitable connections included dozens of associations; Including the Islamic Charitable Society and the Coptic Charitable Society, where he donated six thousand pounds to them, as well as his quest to collect donations for them. His activities in the public sphere included the political, economic and archaeological aspects; Where he provided support for the Ottoman Libyan resistance in the face of the Italian invasion, and supported the armies of the Ottoman state that were being invaded in the Balkans, as well as exposing the Dutch colonial policy in Indonesia. As for the economic aspect, he assumed the presidency of the Royal Agricultural Society, which was concerned with agricultural affairs in Egypt, so he promoted it and helped develop agricultural production. In the archaeological field, Toson took the lead. Where he was able to discover 52 archaeological monasteries, find the head of the statue of Alexander the Great in the Gulf of Aqaba, and retrieve it from the water with the help of fishermen and divers. He also discovered the remains of a city submerged in water at a depth of five meters along with the pioneering studies in Abu Qir 193 in the year 3 AD. and effects. Prince Omar Toson died in 1944 AD at the age of seventy-two.

تاريخ خليج الإسكندرية القديم وترعة المحمودية book pdf download By Omar Toussoun

يعد عمر طوسون واحدًا من أبرز الأثريين والمؤرخين بمصر في النصف الأول من القرن العشرين، كانت له العديد من الاكتشافات الأثريّة، وقَدَّم الكثير من المؤلفات التاريخية التي تناولت تاريخ مصر، منها على سبيل المثال كتاب «مالية مصر من عهد الفراعنة إلى الآن»، و«الجيش المصري في الحرب الروسية المعروفة بحرب القرم» وقد وجَّه طوسون اهتمامه في هذا الكتاب نحو النيل باعتباره شريان الحياة فيها، ونبع الحضارة، ومصدر تماسك المصريين منذ فجر التاريخ.

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بداءة عصر البطالمة: محاضرة ألقيت في المؤتمر الثامن للمجمع المصري للثقافة العلمية book pdf download

Language : Arabic
Number of Pages : 100
Department : History
Auther : Ismail Mazhar
book quality : Good
Size of file : 13.6MB
Section : Modern and contemporary history of Egypt
Date of Coming : 2022-08-10

Author: Ismail Mazhar

About the Author: Ismail Mazhar: A liberal Egyptian thinker, one of the flags of the modern scientific and cultural renaissance, a pioneer of thought and translation, and one of those who gave the field of religious and social thought great importance in their intellectual project. Ismail Mazhar was born in Cairo in 1891 AD into a wealthy family of Turkish origins. He is the grandson of Ismail Muhammad Pasha, and belongs to a family that wrote in the page of history lines of scientific brilliance, especially in the field of engineering. Ismail Mazhar joined the Nasiriyah school, then completed his studies at the Khedive School, and studied biology, then studied language and literature in the honorable Al-Azhar campus. It shows those stages of study that he passed through his cessation at the secondary stage. His uncle Ahmed Lutfi al-Sayed had a great imprint in his liberal thought, which was influenced by Western culture and his mastery of the English language, which he learned during his travels to England. Ismail Mazhar entered the press at a young age. He issued the People’s Newspaper in 1909 AD, and fought a battle of political struggle with the national leader, Mustafa Kamel; And then his name began to append the pages of major newspapers, such as Al-Liwaa newspaper. His writing in newspapers was characterized by the character of self-freedom, innovation, and the presentation of opinions free of personal whims. Ismail Mazhar also assumed the presidency of the editor-in-chief of Al-Muqtab magazine, and he ascended it to the height of the ladder of glory. It opened the horizons of the Arab world to the balconies of Darwin’s theory of evolution. He also called for the necessity of social reform, and saw that the solution lies in forming a new party called the “New Wafd” party, led by Mustafa al-Nahhas. Mazhar presented the cultural world with cognitive repertoires embodied in: “The Leap of the East,” in which he revealed the mental features of the modern Turkish personality, “The History of Arab Thought,” “The Dilemmas of Modern Civilization,” and “Egypt in Caesarea Alexander the Great.” He passed away on February 4, 1962 AD.

بداءة عصر البطالمة: محاضرة ألقيت في المؤتمر الثامن للمجمع المصري للثقافة العلمية book pdf download By Ismail Mazhar

كانت مصر قبل مجيء البطالمة ترزح تحت الاحتلال الفارسي الذي اتخذ منذ يومه الأول نهجًا عدائيًّا تجاه ثقافة المصريين وعقائدهم، حيث سخر الفرس من أديانهم؛ فدنسوا المعابد وأبطلوا الشعائر الدينية، كما فرضوا دينهم على المصريين قسرًا، ناهيك عن العلاقة السيئة والمتوترة على الدوام بين الإدارة الفارسية والمصريين. لذلك رأى المصريون في حملة «الإسكندر الأكبر» نوعًا من التحرير؛ خاصة بعد ما أظهره «البطالمة» من احترام لمعبودات المصريين القديمة، وإدراكًا منه لأهمية مصر وموقعها الجغرافي أمر «الإسكندر الأكبر» بإنشاء مدينة ساحلية جديدة هي «الإسكندرية» التي أصبحت بعد فترة وجيزة واحدة من أهم مدن العالم التجارية ومنارة علمية عظيمة يقصد مدارسها ومكتباتها طلبة العلم من كافة الأصقاع، تعرف أكثر على حكم البطالمة لمصر وأثرهم في حضارتها مع كتاب «بداءة عصر البطالمة» لإسماعيل مظهر.

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النهضة العربية: في العصر الحاضر book pdf download

Department : History
Section : Modern and contemporary history of Egypt
Size of file : 9.13MB
Auther : Shakib Arslan
Date of Coming : 2022-08-10
Language : Arabic
Number of Pages : 54
book quality : Good

Author: Shakib Arslan

About the Author: An Arab-Lebanese writer, writer and thinker. He was called Amir al-Bayan. for his intellectual prowess. He was a frequent traveler; Where he traveled between many countries, and met with many notables, writers and thinkers of his time, and he had many intellectual, literary and political contributions that made him one of the most distinguished of his time. He was also considered one of the great thinkers and advocates of Islamic unity. Shakib Arslan was born in 1869 AD in the village of Choueifat near Beirut. He was influenced by a large number of notables of his time who were students at their hands or contacted them at various stages of his life, such as his teachers, “Sheikh Abdullah Al-Bustani”, “Fares Al-Shadiqi” and “Dr. Ahmad Karnali” He also got acquainted with “Ahmed Shawky” and “Ismail Sabry”, and other notables of thought, literature and poetry in his time. Arslan has mastered several languages: Arabic, Turkish, French and German. Shakib Arslan spent a large part of his life in trips, so he made his famous trips from Lausanne in Switzerland to Naples in Italy, to Port Said in Egypt, and crossed the Suez Canal and the Red Sea to Jeddah and then Mecca. On this trip, he recorded everything he saw and met. Arslan spent nearly sixty years in reading, writing and rhetoric, and his most famous books are: “The Sundanese Suits,” “Why Did Muslims Be Late and Others Advance?”, “Pleasant Drawings,” and “The History of the Conquests of the Arabs.” Arslan did not trust the allies’ promises to the Arabs, as he warned against foreigners exploiting the rift between the Arabs and the Turks to eliminate the Ottoman Empire first, and then divide the Arab countries after that. This is what actually happened when the Turks repudiated the Islamic Caliphate after the Ataturk coup, turned to secularism, and cut the ties between them and Arabism and Islam. At that time, Arslan took another position. He began calling for Arab unity, and he was one of the most joyful people when the Arab League was founded in 1945 AD. When the Second World War ended, “Arslan” returned to his homeland at the end of 1946 AD, and soon died after a life full of suffering and struggle.

النهضة العربية: في العصر الحاضر book pdf download By Shakib Arslan

مرَّتْ حركةُ النهضةِ العربيةِ منذُ تأسيسِها على يدِ «محمد علي» بعدَّةِ مراحل، نذَرَ فيها أقطابُ الفكرِ والأدبِ في سبيلِ تقدُّمِها نفيسَ أعمارِهم، وعظيمَ أوقاتِهم؛ لتطويرِها وتقويمِها، فأخرجَ هذا الزرعُ شجرةَ علمٍ كبيرة، كثُرَت فروعُها، حتى امتدَّت لشتَّى نواحي العلومِ والمعارف. وأميرُ البيانِ «شكيب أرسلان» صاحبُ القلمِ الفيَّاض، بوصفِهِ أحدَ مَن تتبَّعوا وعاصَروا نُموَّ هذهِ النهضة، يُقدِّمُ لنا في هذهِ المحاضرةِ القصيرةِ تاريخَ حركتِها المباركة، فيستعرضُ خلالَها إرهاصاتِ نشأةِ الصحافةِ العربيةِ في شرقِ الوطنِ العربيِّ وغربِه، وكذلكَ تطوُّرَ المدارسِ وإدارتَها، ولم يُغفِلْ المجامعَ العلميةَ العربيةَ في «مصرَ» و«دمشق»، كما تعرَّضَ للنهضةِ العلميةِ في بلادِ «اليمن»، وتطرَّقَ حتى لتأثيرِ هذهِ النهضةِ على الشعرِ والأدب، كلُّ ذلكَ في استعراضٍ سريعٍ لسنواتٍ عاشَها المؤلِّفُ في عصرٍ هوَ من أزهى عصورِ الأمةِ العربيةِ والإسلامية.

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الزعيم وظليله book pdf download

Language : Arabic
Date of Coming : 2022-08-10
Auther : Mohamed Fathy Abdel Aal
Section : Modern and contemporary history of Egypt
book quality : Good
Department : History
Size of file : 1.49MB
Number of Pages : 71

Author: Mohamed Fathy Abdel Aal

About the Author: Egyptian writer and researcher Pharmacist and MSc in Biochemistry, Postgraduate Diploma from the Higher Institute of Islamic Studies, Diploma in Total Quality Management.

الزعيم وظليله book pdf download By Mohamed Fathy Abdel Aal

يقول ابن خلدون : ( إنّ التاريخ يوقفنا على ظروف الأمم السابقة، وأخلاقهم، وسِير الأنبياء، والملوك، وطبيعة سياستهم كي يتم الاقتداء بهم، والابتعاد عن أخطائهم التي ارتكبوها). من هنا يتجلى لنا الهدف من التاريخ وهو تصقيل الجانب الأخلاقي في حياة الأمم وادراك هذا الهدف السامي لا يمكن بلوغه دون أن نقرأ التاريخ كما حدث لا كما نريده أن يكون… وفي الآونة الأخيرة مارس الكثيرون صنوفا عدة من تشويه التاريخ عبر حذف بعض حقائقه أو تبديلها أو الألتفاف عليها في سبيل تقديم صور مثالية لم تحدث في الأساس وذلك لخدمة ايدلوجيات ظنوا أنها تنهض من كبوتها حينما نقدم للنشء مسخ من التاريخ كله بطولة دون أخطاء فيتحول التاريخ من عظة واعتبار وتربية وأخلاق إلى صورة من صور الاستظهار دون إعمال للعقل أو تنمية للفكر. لذلك كان تقديمي لهذا العمل متمنيا أن يقدم صورة قريبة من حقيقة أبطال التاريخ قديما وحديثا

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