Jesús y los manuscritos del mar Muerto book pdf download

book quality : Good
Size of file : 0.20MB
Section : Christian history
Auther : César Vidal
Language : Spanish
Date of Coming : 2022-08-10
Number of Pages : 29
Department : History

Author: César Vidal

About the Author: CÉSAR VIDAL is an Historian, writer, and political commentator. Vidal hosts La Voz, a daily Spanish podcast with 1.5 million monthly downloads. Vidal is an American Citizen, originally from Spain. César Vidal holds a Ph.D. in history, 1991 Valedictorian Academic Award: With the thesis De Pentecostés a Jamnia. The thesis was published under the title Los primeros cristianos. Ph.D. in theology, philosophy, and law of Spain. Vidal practiced law to ultimately abandon such practice to pursue history and literature. Cesar Vidal speaks various languages, has written more than 180 books, and has translated several authors into Spanish, including works by Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn. Vidal is a well-known personality in Spanish media and has hosted various television and radio shows. César Vidal has received several literary awards for various works, including for La mandrágora de las doce lunas; El último tren a Zurich and for El testamento del pescador (The Fisherman’s Testament-Zondervan), among many other titles. Vidal believes the crisis suffered by society is fundamentally of spiritual nature. He is pessimistic about political, economic, or social solutions. Vidal believes, however, in the indescribable effects that a personal relationship with God, the application of the teachings of Jesus Christ and the obedience to the Holy Spirit can have on people from all walks of life.

Jesús y los manuscritos del mar Muerto book pdf download By César Vidal

El descubrimiento en 1947 de los manuscritos del Mar Muerto dio lugar a una serie de interrogantes que hasta ahora no habían encontrado una respuesta certera. Este libro, el primero basado en la totalidad de esos documentos, ayuda a comprender por qué el cristianismo se ha convertido en una religión universal. Una obra seria y rigurosa.

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Christianity: An Ancient Egyptian Religion book pdf download

Size of file : 23.0MB
Department : History
Language : English
Date of Coming : 2022-08-10
Section : Christian history
book quality : Good
Auther : Ahmed Osman
Number of Pages : 291

Author: Ahmed Osman

About the Author: Ahmed Osman is an Egyptian-born author. He has put forward a number of theories, some revisionist in nature, about Ancient Egypt and the origins of Judaism and Christianity. Born in 1934 in the Cairene district of Abdin, Osman was educated at Al-Khedewiya School and the University of Ain Shams, where he read law. After graduation he worked as a journalist, first with Akhbar Al-Yom, which he joined as a young trainee. Yet, even though journalism offered a secure career, Osman preferred the far less certain vocation of playwrighting. His first play, The Sin of a God, was inspired by Greek mythology. A Zeus-like god falls in love with a human who bears him a son who is an amalgam of god and man. His second play, Rebel in the Harem, resembles the tales of One Thousand and One Nights . His Sheherezade incites a rebellion in the harem resulting in the mass release of the concubines. His third play, Where is Paradise?, borrowed liberally from Exodus. The moral of the story? Had the Israelites accepted Egypt as their homeland they would have lived happily ever after. Osman’s four plays have never been staged in Egypt. A fifth, Hollow in the Sky, was performed at London’s Little Theatre Club in 1967. His controversial books, though, have been far more enthusiastically received. In December 1964 Osman left Egypt for good. He first moved to Paris then to London where he studied Egyptology. Hypotheses: His first hypothesis was that Joseph was the father-in-law of Amenhotep III, Yuya. In 1987 this claim provided the basis for his first book, Stranger in the Valley of the Kings. Osman identified the Semitic-born Egyptian official Joseph with the Egyptian official Yuya, and asserted the identification of Hebrew liberator Moses with the Egyptian pharaoh Akhenaten. Ahmed Osman has also claimed that Moses and Akhenaten were the same person, supporting his belief by interpreting aspects of biblical and Egyptian history. He alleges that Atenism can be considered monotheistic and related to Judaism, and includes other similarities, including a ban on idol worship and the similarity of the name Aten to the Hebrew Adon, or “Lord”. This would mesh with Osman’s other claim that Akhenaten’s maternal grandfather Yuya was the same person as the Biblical Joseph. A number of Osman’s positions are in conflict with mainstream Egyptology, including conventional Egyptian chronology. Some Egyptologists have gone as far as rejecting them as unacademic conjecture while others do not consider them worth refuting.Donald B. Redford wrote a scathing review of Stranger in the Valley of the Kings for Biblical Archaeology Review in which he wrote “The author treats the evidence as cavalierly as he pleases. He presents himself as a sober historian, yet when it suits him, the Biblical evidence is accepted at face value and literally… When the Biblical evidence does not suit Osman, it is discarded.” In his Christianity: An Ancient Egyptian Religion (2005), Osman claims that Christianity did not originate in Judea but is the remnant of an Ancient Egyptian mystery cult that was suppressed and transformed by the Roman authorities. He also argues that Jesus was not Jewish but was actually the Egyptian Pharaoh Tutankhamun and that there was no Joshua, just a confusion between the names Jesus and Joshua: “Up to the 16th century, when the Old Testament books were translated from the Mesoretic Hebrew text into modern European languages, Jesus was the name of the prophet who succeeded Moses as leader of the Israelites in Egypt. Since the 16th century we started to have two names, Jesus and Joshua, which confused people into the belief that they were two different characters”. Osman states that the reason mainstream Egyptologists do not accept his ideas is because “Egyptologists have established their careers on their interpretations” and that to accept other theories could give them less authority

Christianity: An Ancient Egyptian Religion book pdf download By Ahmed Osman

Contends that the roots of Christian belief come not from Judaea but from Egypt• Shows that the Romans fabricated their own version of Christianity and burned the Alexandrian library as a way of maintaining political power• Builds on the arguments of the author’s previous books The Hebrew Pharaohs of Egypt, Moses and Akhenaten, and Jesus in the House of the PharaohsIn Christianity: An Ancient Egyptian Religion author Ahmed Osman contends that the roots of Christian belief spring not from Judaea but from Egypt. He compares the chronology of the Old Testament and its factual content with ancient Egyptian records to show that the major characters of the Hebrew scriptures–including Solomon, David, Moses, and Joshua–are based on Egyptian historical figures. He further suggests that not only were these personalities and the stories associated with them cultivated on the banks of the Nile, but the major tenets of Christian belief–the One God, the Trinity, the hierarchy of heaven, life after death, and the virgin birth–are all Egyptian in origin. He likewise provides a convincing argument that Jesus himself came out of Egypt.With the help of modern archaeological findings, Osman shows that Christianity survived as an Egyptian mystery cult until the fourth century A.D., when the Romans embarked on a mission of suppression and persecution. In A.D. 391 the Roman-appointed Bishop Theophilus led a mob into the Serapeum quarter of Alexandria and burned the Alexandrian library, destroying all records of the true Egyptian roots of Christianity. The Romans’ version of Christianity, manufactured to maintain political power, claimed that Christianity originated in Judaea. In Christianity: An Ancient Egyptian Religion Osman restores Egypt to its rightful place in the history of Christianity.

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Jesus in the House of the Pharaohs book pdf download

Auther : Ahmed Osman
book quality : Good
Date of Coming : 2022-08-10
Section : Christian history
Number of Pages : 333
Language : English
Size of file : 8.09MB
Department : History

Author: Ahmed Osman

About the Author: Ahmed Osman is an Egyptian-born author. He has put forward a number of theories, some revisionist in nature, about Ancient Egypt and the origins of Judaism and Christianity. Born in 1934 in the Cairene district of Abdin, Osman was educated at Al-Khedewiya School and the University of Ain Shams, where he read law. After graduation he worked as a journalist, first with Akhbar Al-Yom, which he joined as a young trainee. Yet, even though journalism offered a secure career, Osman preferred the far less certain vocation of playwrighting. His first play, The Sin of a God, was inspired by Greek mythology. A Zeus-like god falls in love with a human who bears him a son who is an amalgam of god and man. His second play, Rebel in the Harem, resembles the tales of One Thousand and One Nights . His Sheherezade incites a rebellion in the harem resulting in the mass release of the concubines. His third play, Where is Paradise?, borrowed liberally from Exodus. The moral of the story? Had the Israelites accepted Egypt as their homeland they would have lived happily ever after. Osman’s four plays have never been staged in Egypt. A fifth, Hollow in the Sky, was performed at London’s Little Theatre Club in 1967. His controversial books, though, have been far more enthusiastically received. In December 1964 Osman left Egypt for good. He first moved to Paris then to London where he studied Egyptology. Hypotheses: His first hypothesis was that Joseph was the father-in-law of Amenhotep III, Yuya. In 1987 this claim provided the basis for his first book, Stranger in the Valley of the Kings. Osman identified the Semitic-born Egyptian official Joseph with the Egyptian official Yuya, and asserted the identification of Hebrew liberator Moses with the Egyptian pharaoh Akhenaten. Ahmed Osman has also claimed that Moses and Akhenaten were the same person, supporting his belief by interpreting aspects of biblical and Egyptian history. He alleges that Atenism can be considered monotheistic and related to Judaism, and includes other similarities, including a ban on idol worship and the similarity of the name Aten to the Hebrew Adon, or “Lord”. This would mesh with Osman’s other claim that Akhenaten’s maternal grandfather Yuya was the same person as the Biblical Joseph. A number of Osman’s positions are in conflict with mainstream Egyptology, including conventional Egyptian chronology. Some Egyptologists have gone as far as rejecting them as unacademic conjecture while others do not consider them worth refuting.Donald B. Redford wrote a scathing review of Stranger in the Valley of the Kings for Biblical Archaeology Review in which he wrote “The author treats the evidence as cavalierly as he pleases. He presents himself as a sober historian, yet when it suits him, the Biblical evidence is accepted at face value and literally… When the Biblical evidence does not suit Osman, it is discarded.” In his Christianity: An Ancient Egyptian Religion (2005), Osman claims that Christianity did not originate in Judea but is the remnant of an Ancient Egyptian mystery cult that was suppressed and transformed by the Roman authorities. He also argues that Jesus was not Jewish but was actually the Egyptian Pharaoh Tutankhamun and that there was no Joshua, just a confusion between the names Jesus and Joshua: “Up to the 16th century, when the Old Testament books were translated from the Mesoretic Hebrew text into modern European languages, Jesus was the name of the prophet who succeeded Moses as leader of the Israelites in Egypt. Since the 16th century we started to have two names, Jesus and Joshua, which confused people into the belief that they were two different characters”. Osman states that the reason mainstream Egyptologists do not accept his ideas is because “Egyptologists have established their careers on their interpretations” and that to accept other theories could give them less authority

Jesus in the House of the Pharaohs book pdf download By Ahmed Osman

A provocative thesis that the historical Jesus was connected to the royal 18th dynasty of Egypt • Contends that Jesus, Joshua, and Tutankhamun were the same person • Provides evidence from church documentation, the Koran, the Talmud, and archaeology that the Messiah came more than a millennium before the first century C.E. • Shows that Christianity evolved from Essene teachings Although it is commonly believed that Jesus lived during the first century C.E., there is no concrete evidence to support this fact from the Roman and Jewish historians who would have been his contemporaries. The Gospel writers themselves were of a later generation, and many accounts recorded in the Old Testament and Talmudic commentary refer to the coming of the Messiah as an event that had already occurred. Using the evidence available from archaeology, the Dead Sea Scrolls, the Koran, the Talmud, and biblical sources, Ahmed Osman provides a compelling case that both Jesus and Joshua were one and the same–a belief echoed by the early Church Fathers–and that this person was likewise the pharaoh Tutankhamun, who ruled Egypt between 1361 and 1352 B.C.E. and was regarded as the spiritual son of God. Osman contends that the Essene Christians–who followed Jesus’ teachings in secret after his murder–only came into the open following the execution of their prophet John the Baptist by Herod, many centuries later. Yet it was also the Essenes who, following the death of Tutankhamun and his father Akhenaten (Moses), secretly kept the monotheistic religion of Egypt alive. The Essenes believed themselves to be the people of the New Covenant established between their Lord and themselves by the Teacher of Righteousness, who was murdered by a wicked priest. The Dead Sea Scrolls support Osman’s contention that this Teacher of Righteousness was in fact Jesus.

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Dominion: How the Christian Revolution Remade the World book pdf download

Section : Christian history
Language : English
Number of Pages : 688
Department : History
book quality : Good
Auther : Tom Holland
Date of Coming : 2022-08-10
Size of file : 32.7MB

Author: Tom Holland

About the Author: Thomas Holland is an English author who has published best-selling books on topics including classical and medieval history and the origins of Islam. In addition to his writing, he has worked with the BBC to create and host historical television documentaries, and presents the radio series Making History. Holland was born in Oxfordshire 5 January 1968 and brought up in the village of Broad Chalke, Wiltshire, England. James Holland is also an author whose focus is World War II. He has said that his two passions as a child were dinosaurs and ancient civilizations. Holland attended Chafyn Grove preparatory school and the independent Canford School in Dorset. He then went on to Queens’ College, Cambridge, graduating with a ‘Double First’ (first-class honours in both parts I and II of the course of study in the English Tripos). He began working on a doctoral dissertation on Lord Byron, at Oxford University, but soon quit after deciding that he was “fed up with universities and fed up with being poor” and instead began working.

Dominion: How the Christian Revolution Remade the World book pdf download By Tom Holland

From the crucifixion of Jesus to the birth of modern morals, this “marvelous” account from an award-winning historian shows how the Christian Revolution forged the Western imagination (The Economist). Crucifixion, the Romans believed, was the worst fate imaginable. It was this that rendered it so suitable a punishment for slaves. How astonishing it was, then, that people should have come to believe that one particular victim of crucifixion-an obscure provincial by the name of Jesus-had been a god.Dominionexplores the implications of this shocking conviction as they have reverberated throughout history. Today, the West remains utterly saturated by Christian assumptions. Our morals and ethics are not universal. Instead, they are the fruits of a very distinctive civilization. Concepts such as secularism, liberalism, science, and homosexuality are deeply rooted in a Christian seedbed. From Babylon to the Beatles, Saint Michael to #MeToo,Dominiontells the story of how Christianity transformed the world.

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Millennium: The End of the World and the Forging of Christendom book pdf download

Date of Coming : 2022-08-10
Section : Christian history
Department : History
book quality : Good
Language : English
Number of Pages : 443
Size of file : 2.09MB
Auther : Tom Holland

Author: Tom Holland

About the Author: Thomas Holland is an English author who has published best-selling books on topics including classical and medieval history and the origins of Islam. In addition to his writing, he has worked with the BBC to create and host historical television documentaries, and presents the radio series Making History. Holland was born in Oxfordshire 5 January 1968 and brought up in the village of Broad Chalke, Wiltshire, England. James Holland is also an author whose focus is World War II. He has said that his two passions as a child were dinosaurs and ancient civilizations. Holland attended Chafyn Grove preparatory school and the independent Canford School in Dorset. He then went on to Queens’ College, Cambridge, graduating with a ‘Double First’ (first-class honours in both parts I and II of the course of study in the English Tripos). He began working on a doctoral dissertation on Lord Byron, at Oxford University, but soon quit after deciding that he was “fed up with universities and fed up with being poor” and instead began working.

Millennium: The End of the World and the Forging of Christendom book pdf download By Tom Holland

Of all the civilisations existing in the year 1000, that of Western Europe seemed the unlikeliest candidate for future greatness. Compared to the glittering empires of Byzantium or Islam, the splintered kingdoms on the edge of the Atlantic appeared impoverished, fearful and backward. But the anarchy of these years proved to be, not the portents of the end of the world, as many Christians had dreaded, but rather the birthpangs of a radically new order.

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A History of Christianity book pdf download

book quality : Good
Date of Coming : 2022-08-10
Department : History
Section : Christian history
Size of file : 2.42MB
Language : English
Number of Pages : 798
Auther : Paul Johnson

Author: Paul Johnson

About the Author: Paul Johnson works as a historian, journalist and author. He was educated at Stonyhurst School in Clitheroe, Lancashire and Magdalen College, Oxford, and first came to prominence in the 1950s as a journalist writing for, and later editing, the New Statesman magazine. He has also written for leading newspapers and magazines in Britain, the US and Europe. Paul Johnson has published over 40 books including A History of Christianity (1979), A History of the English People (1987), Intellectuals (1988), The Birth of the Modern: World Society, 1815—1830 (1991), Modern Times: A History of the World from the 1920s to the Year 2000 (1999), A History of the American People (2000), A History of the Jews (2001) and Art: A New History (2003) as well as biographies of Elizabeth I (1974), Napoleon (2002), George Washington (2005) and Pope John Paul II (1982).

A History of Christianity book pdf download By Paul Johnson

First published in 1976, Paul Johnson’s exceptional study of Christianity has been loved and widely hailed for its intensive research, writing, and magnitude—“a tour de force, one of the most ambitious surveys of the history of Christianity ever attempted and perhaps the most radical” (New York Review of Books). In a highly readable companion to books on faith and history, the scholar and author Johnson has illuminated the Christian world and its fascinating history in a way that no other has. Johnson takes off in the year AD 49 with his namesake the apostle Paul. Thus beginning an ambitious quest to paint the centuries since the founding of a little-known ‘Jesus Sect’, A History of Christianity explores to a great degree the evolution of the Western world. With an unbiased and overall optimistic tone, Johnson traces the fantastic scope of the consequent sects of Christianity and the people who followed them. Information drawn from extensive and varied sources from around the world makes this history as credible as it is reliable. Invaluable understanding of the framework of modern Christianity—and its trials and tribulations throughout history—has never before been contained in such a captivating work.

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كنيسة مدينة الله أنطاكية العظمى (الجزء الثالث): ١٤٥٣-١٩٢٨م book pdf download

Language : Arabic
Date of Coming : 2022-08-10
book quality : Good
Number of Pages : 410
Section : Christian history
Size of file : 2.51MB
Department : History
Auther : Assad Rostam

Author: Assad Rostam

About the Author: Asad Rustam: Historian Lebanese great impact, is the pioneer of documentation in the Levant, and the most prominent of put scientific methodology in the writing of history in Arabic without being subject to prior biases, as it first earned the title of «Doctor of history» in the Arab world from the University of Chicago . “Asad Gabriel Rustam Mojaes” was born in the village of Shwer in Lebanon in 1896 AD, he studied at the English School in the same village, then joined the Oriental College in Zahle in the Lebanese Bekaa Governorate, where you attended the High School in Shuwayn in 1919. In 1916, Assad Rostom joined the American University of Beirut, to obtain a bachelor’s degree in the field of history in which he completed his studies until he was awarded the title of Professor in History in 1919 AD, and for his genius he was granted a mission to study the ancient history of the United States of Chicago, Chicago Beirut again, after obtaining a doctorate in the same field, to teach history at the Faculty of Arts at the American University. After spending twenty years teaching history, he left the university to work as an advisor at the American Embassy in Beirut, and then as an advisor to the Lebanese Army Command. He specialized in writing on the history of the ancient East, and published two volumes under the name “The Romans in Their Politics, Civilization, Religion, Culture and Relationships with the Arabs” in 1955 AD. He also authored a detailed book in three parts on the history of the Eastern Church to which the Greek Orthodox belongs, under the name “The History of the Church of the Great City of Antioch”, published in 1958 AD, after which he was honored with the title of “History of the Antakya” 6, then the President of the Republic honored him in the year 19. Asad Rustam has proven that he differs from his generation of historians, and even from previous generations, with his scientific method, which he followed in writing history without merging the whims of searching for information, and in an intrusive way. He was awarded the Egyptian Medal of Knowledge and the Syrian Medal of Merit. In 1965, Asad Rostom passed away, leaving behind a rare historical library and a style of history to be emulated. After his death, he was awarded the Golden Lebanese Order of Merit.

كنيسة مدينة الله أنطاكية العظمى (الجزء الثالث): ١٤٥٣-١٩٢٨م book pdf download By Assad Rostam

«وكنيستنا الأنطاكية يونانيةٌ سريانية عربية؛ فقد كانت يونانية برجالها في المدن، وبفكرها ولغتها وطقوسها، وكانت سريانية وعربية بشعبها في القرى والأرياف.» تتفاخر كنيسة أنطاكيا بأنها أول كنيسة أُممية، وعلى أرضها عُرف المؤمنون باسم المسيحيين، وهي ثالث كنيسة من حيث الأهمية في الإمبراطورية الرومانية بعد كنيستَي روما والإسكندرية. كان أساقِفة أنطاكيا هم صُنَّاع التاريخ خلال الفترة الباكرة من تاريخ المسيحية؛ إذ عانى مؤمنوها من الاضطهادات الكبرى التي استمرت حتى عهد «دقلديانوس»، وصِيغ على أرضها أولُ قانون إيماني عرفه المسيحيون؛ «قانون الإيمان الأنطاكي». وظل التاريخ يختبر أنطاكيا وبطاركتها، فظلت صامدةً منذ الفتح الإسلامي حتى الانشقاق العظيم عام ١٠٥٤م والحروب الصليبية. غير أنها وإنْ سَلِمتْ من السيوف فلم تَسلَم من الوَحدة التي أُعلِنت عقبَ مجمعِ فلورنسا، فسارعت أنطاكيا إلى الخلاص منها وإعلان رفضها لها. حتى جاء الحدث المُدوِّي بسقوط القسطنطينية عام ١٤٥٣م وارتفاع رايات السلطان «محمد الثاني» عليها. وتتابَع التاريخ على أنطاكيا بعد ذلك من سيادةٍ عثمانية إلى صراعاتٍ دولية حديثة، حتى وقعت تحت الحماية الفرنسية.

Download PDF of كنيسة مدينة الله أنطاكية العظمى (الجزء الثالث): ١٤٥٣-١٩٢٨م book pdf download By Assad Rostam
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كنيسة مدينة الله أنطاكية العظمى (الجزء الأول): ٣٤–٦٣٤م book pdf download

Section : Christian history
Language : Arabic
Date of Coming : 2022-08-10
Number of Pages : 484
Auther : Assad Rostam
Size of file : 10.4MB
Department : History
book quality : Good

Author: Assad Rostam

About the Author: Asad Rustam: Historian Lebanese great impact, is the pioneer of documentation in the Levant, and the most prominent of put scientific methodology in the writing of history in Arabic without being subject to prior biases, as it first earned the title of «Doctor of history» in the Arab world from the University of Chicago . “Asad Gabriel Rustam Mojaes” was born in the village of Shwer in Lebanon in 1896 AD, he studied at the English School in the same village, then joined the Oriental College in Zahle in the Lebanese Bekaa Governorate, where you attended the High School in Shuwayn in 1919. In 1916, Assad Rostom joined the American University of Beirut, to obtain a bachelor’s degree in the field of history in which he completed his studies until he was awarded the title of Professor in History in 1919 AD, and for his genius he was granted a mission to study the ancient history of the United States of Chicago, Chicago Beirut again, after obtaining a doctorate in the same field, to teach history at the Faculty of Arts at the American University. After spending twenty years teaching history, he left the university to work as an advisor at the American Embassy in Beirut, and then as an advisor to the Lebanese Army Command. He specialized in writing on the history of the ancient East, and published two volumes under the name “The Romans in Their Politics, Civilization, Religion, Culture and Relationships with the Arabs” in 1955 AD. He also authored a detailed book in three parts on the history of the Eastern Church to which the Greek Orthodox belongs, under the name “The History of the Church of the Great City of Antioch”, published in 1958 AD, after which he was honored with the title of “History of the Antakya” 6, then the President of the Republic honored him in the year 19. Asad Rustam has proven that he differs from his generation of historians, and even from previous generations, with his scientific method, which he followed in writing history without merging the whims of searching for information, and in an intrusive way. He was awarded the Egyptian Medal of Knowledge and the Syrian Medal of Merit. In 1965, Asad Rostom passed away, leaving behind a rare historical library and a style of history to be emulated. After his death, he was awarded the Golden Lebanese Order of Merit.

كنيسة مدينة الله أنطاكية العظمى (الجزء الأول): ٣٤–٦٣٤م book pdf download By Assad Rostam

«وكنيستنا الأنطاكية يونانيةٌ سريانية عربية؛ فقد كانت يونانية برجالها في المدن، وبفكرها ولغتها وطقوسها، وكانت سريانية وعربية بشعبها في القرى والأرياف.» تتفاخر كنيسة أنطاكيا بأنها أول كنيسة أُممية، وعلى أرضها عُرف المؤمنون باسم المسيحيين، وهي ثالث كنيسة من حيث الأهمية في الإمبراطورية الرومانية بعد كنيستَي روما والإسكندرية. كان أساقِفة أنطاكيا هم صُنَّاع التاريخ خلال الفترة الباكرة من تاريخ المسيحية؛ إذ عانى مؤمنوها من الاضطهادات الكبرى التي استمرت حتى عهد «دقلديانوس»، وصِيغ على أرضها أولُ قانون إيماني عرفه المسيحيون؛ «قانون الإيمان الأنطاكي». وظل التاريخ يختبر أنطاكيا وبطاركتها، فظلت صامدةً منذ الفتح الإسلامي حتى الانشقاق العظيم عام ١٠٥٤م والحروب الصليبية. غير أنها وإنْ سَلِمتْ من السيوف فلم تَسلَم من الوَحدة التي أُعلِنت عقبَ مجمعِ فلورنسا، فسارعت أنطاكيا إلى الخلاص منها وإعلان رفضها لها. حتى جاء الحدث المُدوِّي بسقوط القسطنطينية عام ١٤٥٣م وارتفاع رايات السلطان «محمد الثاني» عليها. وتتابَع التاريخ على أنطاكيا بعد ذلك من سيادةٍ عثمانية إلى صراعاتٍ دولية حديثة، حتى وقعت تحت الحماية الفرنسية.

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كنيسة مدينة الله أنطاكية العظمى (الجزء الثاني): ٦٣٤-١٤٥٣م book pdf download

Department : History
Language : Arabic
Section : Christian history
Auther : Assad Rostam
Size of file : 10.1MB
book quality : Good
Date of Coming : 2022-08-10
Number of Pages : 398

Author: Assad Rostam

About the Author: Asad Rustam: Historian Lebanese great impact, is the pioneer of documentation in the Levant, and the most prominent of put scientific methodology in the writing of history in Arabic without being subject to prior biases, as it first earned the title of «Doctor of history» in the Arab world from the University of Chicago . “Asad Gabriel Rustam Mojaes” was born in the village of Shwer in Lebanon in 1896 AD, he studied at the English School in the same village, then joined the Oriental College in Zahle in the Lebanese Bekaa Governorate, where you attended the High School in Shuwayn in 1919. In 1916, Assad Rostom joined the American University of Beirut, to obtain a bachelor’s degree in the field of history in which he completed his studies until he was awarded the title of Professor in History in 1919 AD, and for his genius he was granted a mission to study the ancient history of the United States of Chicago, Chicago Beirut again, after obtaining a doctorate in the same field, to teach history at the Faculty of Arts at the American University. After spending twenty years teaching history, he left the university to work as an advisor at the American Embassy in Beirut, and then as an advisor to the Lebanese Army Command. He specialized in writing on the history of the ancient East, and published two volumes under the name “The Romans in Their Politics, Civilization, Religion, Culture and Relationships with the Arabs” in 1955 AD. He also authored a detailed book in three parts on the history of the Eastern Church to which the Greek Orthodox belongs, under the name “The History of the Church of the Great City of Antioch”, published in 1958 AD, after which he was honored with the title of “History of the Antakya” 6, then the President of the Republic honored him in the year 19. Asad Rustam has proven that he differs from his generation of historians, and even from previous generations, with his scientific method, which he followed in writing history without merging the whims of searching for information, and in an intrusive way. He was awarded the Egyptian Medal of Knowledge and the Syrian Medal of Merit. In 1965, Asad Rostom passed away, leaving behind a rare historical library and a style of history to be emulated. After his death, he was awarded the Golden Lebanese Order of Merit.

كنيسة مدينة الله أنطاكية العظمى (الجزء الثاني): ٦٣٤-١٤٥٣م book pdf download By Assad Rostam

«وكنيستنا الأنطاكية يونانيةٌ سريانية عربية؛ فقد كانت يونانية برجالها في المدن، وبفكرها ولغتها وطقوسها، وكانت سريانية وعربية بشعبها في القرى والأرياف.» تتفاخر كنيسة أنطاكيا بأنها أول كنيسة أُممية، وعلى أرضها عُرف المؤمنون باسم المسيحيين، وهي ثالث كنيسة من حيث الأهمية في الإمبراطورية الرومانية بعد كنيستَي روما والإسكندرية. كان أساقِفة أنطاكيا هم صُنَّاع التاريخ خلال الفترة الباكرة من تاريخ المسيحية؛ إذ عانى مؤمنوها من الاضطهادات الكبرى التي استمرت حتى عهد «دقلديانوس»، وصِيغ على أرضها أولُ قانون إيماني عرفه المسيحيون؛ «قانون الإيمان الأنطاكي». وظل التاريخ يختبر أنطاكيا وبطاركتها، فظلت صامدةً منذ الفتح الإسلامي حتى الانشقاق العظيم عام ١٠٥٤م والحروب الصليبية. غير أنها وإنْ سَلِمتْ من السيوف فلم تَسلَم من الوَحدة التي أُعلِنت عقبَ مجمعِ فلورنسا، فسارعت أنطاكيا إلى الخلاص منها وإعلان رفضها لها. حتى جاء الحدث المُدوِّي بسقوط القسطنطينية عام ١٤٥٣م وارتفاع رايات السلطان «محمد الثاني» عليها. وتتابَع التاريخ على أنطاكيا بعد ذلك من سيادةٍ عثمانية إلى صراعاتٍ دولية حديثة، حتى وقعت تحت الحماية الفرنسية.

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Universe of Stone: A Biography of Chartres Cathedral book pdf download

Section : Christian history
Auther : Philip Ball
book quality : Excellent
Size of file : 7.89MB
Number of Pages : 355
Language : English
Department : History
Date of Coming : 2022-08-10

Author: Philip Ball

About the Author: Philip Ball is a freelance science writer. He worked previously at Nature for over 20 years, first as an editor for physical sciences (for which his brief extended from biochemistry to quantum physics and materials science) and then as a Consultant Editor. His writings on science for the popular press have covered topical issues ranging from cosmology to the future of molecular biology. Philip is the author of many popular books on science, including works on the nature of water, pattern formation in the natural world, colour in art, the science of social and political philosophy, the cognition of music, and physics in Nazi Germany. He has written widely on the interactions between art and science, and has delivered lectures to scientific and general audiences at venues ranging from the Victoria and Albert Museum (London) to the NASA Ames Research Center, London’s National Theatre and the London School of Economics. Philip continues to write regularly for Nature. He has contributed to publications ranging from New Scientist to the New York Times, the Guardian, the Financial Times and New Statesman. He is a contributing editor of Prospect magazine (for which he writes a science blog), and also a columnist for Chemistry World, Nature Materials, and the Italian science magazine Sapere. He has broadcast on many occasions on radio and TV, and is a presenter of “Science Stories” on BBC Radio 4. He is a Fellow of the Royal Society of Chemistry, sits on the editorial board of Chemistry World and Interdiscipinary Science Reviews, and is a board member of the RESOLV network on solvation science at the Ruhr University of Bochum. Philip has a BA in Chemistry from the University of Oxford and a PhD in Physics from the University of Bristol. Philip Ball is a writer. Most of his books are concerned with science in some form or another: its history, its interactions with the arts and society, its achievements, delights and detours. He is a regular columnist for several magazines and an occasional radio presenter and broadcaster. He was an editor of Nature for many years, and long ago, a chemist and physicist of sorts.

Universe of Stone: A Biography of Chartres Cathedral book pdf download By Philip Ball

Chartres Cathedral, south of Paris, is revered as one of the most beautiful and profound works of art in the Western canon. But what did it mean to those who constructed it in the twelfth and thirteenth centuries? And why, during this period, did Europeans begin to build churches in a new style, at such immense height and with such glorious play of light, in the soaring manner we now call Gothic? Universe of Stone shows that the Gothic cathedrals encode a far-reaching shift in the way medieval thinkers perceived their relationship with their world. For the first time, they began to believe in an orderly, rational world that could be investigated and understood. This change marked the beginning of Western science and also the start of a long and, indeed, unfinished struggle to reconcile faith and reason. By embedding the cathedral in the culture of the twelfth century—its schools of philosophy and science, its trades and technologies, its politics and religious debates—Philip Ball makes sense of the visual and emotional power of Chartres. Beautifully illustrated and written, filled with astonishing insight, Universe of Stone argues that Chartres is a sublime expression of the originality and vitality of a true “first renaissance,” one that occurred long before the birth of Leonardo da Vinci, Michelangelo, or Francis Bacon.

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