بداءة عصر البطالمة: محاضرة ألقيت في المؤتمر الثامن للمجمع المصري للثقافة العلمية book pdf download

Author: Ismail Mazhar

About the Author: Ismail Mazhar: A liberal Egyptian thinker, one of the flags of the modern scientific and cultural renaissance, a pioneer of thought and translation, and one of those who gave the field of religious and social thought great importance in their intellectual project. Ismail Mazhar was born in Cairo in 1891 AD into a wealthy family of Turkish origins. He is the grandson of Ismail Muhammad Pasha, and belongs to a family that wrote in the page of history lines of scientific brilliance, especially in the field of engineering. Ismail Mazhar joined the Nasiriyah school, then completed his studies at the Khedive School, and studied biology, then studied language and literature in the honorable Al-Azhar campus. It shows those stages of study that he passed through his cessation at the secondary stage. His uncle Ahmed Lutfi al-Sayed had a great imprint in his liberal thought, which was influenced by Western culture and his mastery of the English language, which he learned during his travels to England. Ismail Mazhar entered the press at a young age. He issued the People’s Newspaper in 1909 AD, and fought a battle of political struggle with the national leader, Mustafa Kamel; And then his name began to append the pages of major newspapers, such as Al-Liwaa newspaper. His writing in newspapers was characterized by the character of self-freedom, innovation, and the presentation of opinions free of personal whims. Ismail Mazhar also assumed the presidency of the editor-in-chief of Al-Muqtab magazine, and he ascended it to the height of the ladder of glory. It opened the horizons of the Arab world to the balconies of Darwin’s theory of evolution. He also called for the necessity of social reform, and saw that the solution lies in forming a new party called the “New Wafd” party, led by Mustafa al-Nahhas. Mazhar presented the cultural world with cognitive repertoires embodied in: “The Leap of the East,” in which he revealed the mental features of the modern Turkish personality, “The History of Arab Thought,” “The Dilemmas of Modern Civilization,” and “Egypt in Caesarea Alexander the Great.” He passed away on February 4, 1962 AD.

بداءة عصر البطالمة: محاضرة ألقيت في المؤتمر الثامن للمجمع المصري للثقافة العلمية book pdf download By Ismail Mazhar

كانت مصر قبل مجيء البطالمة ترزح تحت الاحتلال الفارسي الذي اتخذ منذ يومه الأول نهجًا عدائيًّا تجاه ثقافة المصريين وعقائدهم، حيث سخر الفرس من أديانهم؛ فدنسوا المعابد وأبطلوا الشعائر الدينية، كما فرضوا دينهم على المصريين قسرًا، ناهيك عن العلاقة السيئة والمتوترة على الدوام بين الإدارة الفارسية والمصريين. لذلك رأى المصريون في حملة «الإسكندر الأكبر» نوعًا من التحرير؛ خاصة بعد ما أظهره «البطالمة» من احترام لمعبودات المصريين القديمة، وإدراكًا منه لأهمية مصر وموقعها الجغرافي أمر «الإسكندر الأكبر» بإنشاء مدينة ساحلية جديدة هي «الإسكندرية» التي أصبحت بعد فترة وجيزة واحدة من أهم مدن العالم التجارية ومنارة علمية عظيمة يقصد مدارسها ومكتباتها طلبة العلم من كافة الأصقاع، تعرف أكثر على حكم البطالمة لمصر وأثرهم في حضارتها مع كتاب «بداءة عصر البطالمة» لإسماعيل مظهر.

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